Too much oxygen leftover in the combustion chamber means that performance is not optimal. Not enough fuel is injected to create combustion that utilizes the available oxygen — this means your engine is running lean. Too much fuel injected means that you are wasting your fuel. Troublesome right? So how can an engine know how much fuel to inject? Oxygen O2 sensor comes to the rescue. An O2 sensor is placed in the exhaust system right at the exhaust manifold more can be placed at different locations.
Too much oxygen leftover, means more fuel should be injected and vice versa. Aftermarket oxygen sensors exist but they do not provide any benefits like performance or whatsoever. I suggest you only look at aftermarket oxygen sensors only if your existing one breaks and you need a replacement.
Different brands of oxygen sensor exist but the difference is only durability. More expensive oxygen sensors are high quality that last longer. Remember I said a car will convert the toxic exhaust gases into non-toxic ones? Catalytic converter CAT contains materials like Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium — which convert the toxic materials into non-toxic ones when exposed to high heat. CAT is a very important component in your exhaust system.
Without one, your car will emit extremely toxic gases into the environment. Not only is this dangerous to the surrounding, you will definitely fail your emission test. All cars come with catalytic converters in their stock exhaust. You only need to worry about aftermarket catalytic converters if your stock one has malfunctioned and needs replacing.
Aftermarket catalytic converters are usually cheaper than OEM ones but have lesser quality. I always recommend you go for the OEM one if you need to replace your catalytic converters.
Not to worry though, a catalytic converter will last for quite a long time. Replacing it is quite rare — unless it is stolen. To improve performance, car enthusiasts go to extreme lengths and remove their catalytic converters.
The idea is that if an exhaust system does not have a CAT, the exhaust gases can flow out much quicker. This is actually true. Removing it means the exhaust gases do not have to go through such restriction. But can a car run without a CAT?
Unfortunately, yes it can. The performance gain is not so much below 5 horsepower and in turn you fail the emission test with flying colors. A muffler silences the engine sound from a car. You see — the combustion created in the combustion chamber are explosions with loud noises. To comply with governing laws and to attract the mass market, car manufacturers must keep their car noise down — significantly down. This is where mufflers come to the rescue.
These platings are designed to cause sound waves to bounce off into the opposite direction — where they collide into other sound waves and cancel each other out.
Pretty cool trick, eh? I told you that car manufacturers must reduce the car noise down significantly. But what if you actually like those engine sounds and want them louder? This is where an aftermarket muffler comes into place — they contain less platings and do not silence the engine sound as much. This results in a louder and often more aggressive sound. Different mufflers produce different sounds. I suggest you listen to the before and after recording first if you ever want to purchase one.
I personally enjoy the sound from Flowmaster Super I cover why in this article. Great sound aside, aftermarket mufflers supposedly can improve car performance. In stock mufflers, the chambers and metal platings could restrict the flow of exhaust gases — causing them to move slowly and get trapped in the exhaust system. This builds up pressure in the exhaust system which makes it hard for more gases to be expelled from the combustion chamber. If you still remember, this means less room for fresh oxygen in the combustion — resulting in weak combustion.
Aftermarket mufflers with performance in mind are hollow inside. This means exhaust gases flow through quickly and do not build any backpressure. Of course, this also means super loud engine noise because the metal platings that silence the sound waves are not there anymore.
I said aftermarket mufflers supposedly improve car performance. What I mean to say is that: In theory, an aftermarket muffler for performance works great. But in reality, not so much. Invertebrates, kidneys are the two major organs of excretion. Excess water, toxic waste products of…. The Lymphatic System is very important. It helps with the Cardiovascular system, and our immune….
Tutor and Freelance Writer. Science Teacher and Lover of Essays. Article last reviewed: St. Skip to content. Need help with your writing assignment? Get online help from vetted experts in any field of study. Check the price Get help. Circulatory System: Function, Parts, Role. Isomers: Structure and Function In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
Fungi Structure and Function Common fungi: mushrooms, moulds, yeast and truffles 1. Kidneys: Parts, Anatomy, Function Invertebrates, kidneys are the two major organs of excretion.
Newest Oldest Most Voted. Urea reacts with NOx to produce nitrogen and water vapor, disposing more than 90 percent of the nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases [source: Innovations Report ].
A standard catalytic converter contains several hundred dollars worth of platinum, palladium and rhodium. The ground clearance on trucks and SUVs makes for easy access to the converters, so all a thief needs is a reciprocating saw and about 60 seconds.
This trend has police on the lookout in many parts of the country where this kind of theft has been a problem. Police caution SUV and truck drivers to park in busy, well-lit areas. Sign up for our Newsletter!
Mobile Newsletter banner close. Mobile Newsletter chat close. Mobile Newsletter chat dots. Mobile Newsletter chat avatar. Mobile Newsletter chat subscribe. Under the Hood. How Catalytic Converters Work. A large pile of platinum lined catalytic converters. See more green living pictures. James L. Pollutants Produced by a Car Engine " ".
Nitrogen gas N2 - Air is percent nitrogen gas, and most of this passes right through the car engine. Carbon dioxide CO2 - This is one product of combustion. The carbon in the fuel bonds with the oxygen in the air. Water vapor H2O - This is another product of combustion. The hydrogen in the fuel bonds with the oxygen in the air. Carbon monoxide CO is a poisonous gas that is colorless and odorless.
Hydrocarbons or volatile organic compounds VOCs are a major component of smog produced mostly from evaporated, unburned. Nitrogen oxides NO and NO2, together called NOx are a contributor to smog and acid rain , which also causes irritation to human mucus membranes. Are lawn mowers next? How Catalytic Converters Reduce Pollution " ". Controlling Pollution and Improving Performance The third stage of conversion is a control system that monitors the exhaust stream, and uses this information to control the fuel injection system.
Catalytic Converter Theft. Do all cars have a catalytic converter? How much does it cost to fix the catalytic converter? What is in a catalytic converter that is so valuable?
What cars are having their catalytic converters stolen? SUVs and trucks are becoming targets for opportunists looking to cash in on the valuable precious metals used inside catalytic converters.
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